No End and To No End

No End and To No End No End and To No End No End and To No End By Maeve Maddox A reader corrected my usage in the following extract from a previous post: Suggesting that one form of speech is preferable to another, however, can annoy people no end. The reader corrected this passage by inserting a to in front of â€Å"no end† Suggesting that one form of speech is preferable to another, however, can annoy people to no end. As I usually do, I assumed that the reader was right and I was wrong, so I launched into my usual double-checking routine: OED, Merriam-Webster, Chicago, etc. I found my use of the expression mirrored in this citation in Merriam-Webster: As they sailed further and further into the south, it got warmer and warmer. Polynesia, Chee-Chee, and the crocodile enjoyed the hot sun no end.- Hugh Lofting, Dr. Doolittle, 1920. Although the online unabridged OED still labels the adverbial use of â€Å"no end† as â€Å"modern slang,† the citations are not particularly modern: 1912 Chamberss Jrnl. Dec. 769/1: ‘I really must show this to Champneys,’ thought Michael; ‘it will please him no end.’ 1955 Essays Studies 8 5: A few clean strokes of Occams razor would have helped Mr. Jackson no end. 1958 H. Babcock I dont want to shoot Elephant 8: I often walk fifteen miles a day while huntingThis puzzles my wife no end. 1970 New Yorker 3 Oct. 90/2: Thomas had been impressed no end by the sight of Klà ¼verfixing an art-and-technology malfunction with a pair of pliers. The Oxford Dictionaries site defines â€Å"no end† as â€Å"to a great extent; very much† and gives this example: â€Å"This cheered me up no end.† The debate surrounding â€Å"to no end† vs â€Å"no end† presents an idiomatic collision similar to that between â€Å"couldn’t care less† and â€Å"could care less.† The Web teems with heated attacks on the to-less version, yet millions of native English-speakers use it to mean the same thing as the one with to. Here are some declarations I found in language forums on the Web from people who prefer â€Å"to no end†: Dictionary or not, the  grammar  of [no end] is very manifestly lacking. It [no end] doesnt sound right to me, it sounds like you missed a word. This Amuses me no end  just sounds silly. I found some objections to â€Å"no end† that were stated even more strongly, but I don’t use that kind of language in my posts. â€Å"No end† has its supporters: [No end] is an idiom. It is very common in most of the English-speaking world. The fact you havent come across it doesnt make it wrong.   Sounds fine to me. Its pretty common where Im from (south-east England). Some supporters of â€Å"no end† argue that â€Å"to no end† means something else entirely: To do something â€Å"to no end† commonly means â€Å"without purpose† or â€Å"in vain.† For example, â€Å"He gave her the roses to no particular end.† That’s the only meaning I can hear when reading a statement like â€Å"This amuses me to no end.† This argument is plausible but old-fashioned. Modern speakers are more likely to use â€Å"in vain† or â€Å"no use† when that’s the intended meaning: He gave her the roses, but it was no use. She still refused to date him. Her father pleaded with her to accept the suitor, but his pleas were in vain. I conclude the following: Either form may be used with the meaning â€Å"to a great extent† in colloquial English. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Comma After i.e. and e.g.41 Words That Are Better Than GoodWhen Is a Question Not a Question?

Seminar Papers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Seminar Papers - Essay Example Its cost effectiveness, leads to employee retention, increased market share, more access to customers and reduced risks. Example, in a fashion market, one requires to keep on updating the product in order to retain the current customers. â€Å"Just in time† is a term used to describe result of a process of manufacturing which finished its work just at the scheduled time. It reduces set up time, lessens storage space needed, assumes an extent of input stability cost and insists on precision. It however leads to time wastage in traffic jams, a supplier can depend too much on one manufacturer (Arjan J, 2009, p.295). Example, in Japan Toyota is vulnerable to this disadvantage, therefore it uses a strong long-term connection with few suppliers and can use its own stuff to assist the suppliers improve their processes. Advertising is simply informing potential customers of the existence of your service or products. It is very effective in that one targets his/her audience and controls the entire advertisement process (Tuten, T. L. A, 2008, p. 55). Advertising in social network provides a platform where a producer can interact with the customers and know their response towards a product. In addition, it enables the marketer to identify any changes in the consumer behavior therefore, making it to be an effective mode of communication with the market. These includes advertising, personal selling, public relations and promotional sales (Twedt & Wolfe 2011, p.8). The main aim of promotion mix includes market positioning, segmenting and targeting. In an example, Coca-Cola Company has been able to manipulate different promotion mixes on different market segments to become one of the best performing multinational company in the world. Lans, T. W., H., Hulsink, H., Baert, and M. Mulder, 2008, Entrepreneurship education and training in the small business context: Insights from

The Necessity of Landfill Diversion in the United States Research Paper

The Necessity of Landfill Diversion in the United States - Research Paper Example In fact, the U.S. is not just one of the world leaders when it comes to manufacturing consumer goods; it is also taking the lead in waste generation. In 2010 alone, â€Å"Americans generated about 250 million tons of trash and recycled and composted over 85 million tons of this material, equivalent to a 34.1 percent recycling rate† (EPA 2010). With this data, it would appear that every individual in the U.S. generates 4.43 pounds of waste every day. However, the possibility of solutions in the near future is still dim and proving this is another estimate from the Environmental Protection Agency or EPA that out of the 250 million tons generated, only 85 million tons of waste would actually make their way to the recycling and composting plants. This is only 34.1 percent of the waste generated. This means that majority of the said waste are directed to one of the most commonly used solid waste management method in the world, the landfill. There are basically two kinds of wastes, organic and non-organic. The former are those that could be left to decompose through natural means while latter could not be subjected to the same treatment because of its highly synthetic composition. Both, however, contribute to the growing problem of solid waste management, especially because both could become hazards to the environment. Despite the fact that organic wastes could decompose and its composition be assimilated by the soil, these could still produce threats to the environment. During the process of putrefaction, organic wastes are known to trigger gas emissions and leaching that could contaminate the air and the soil respectively. There have been many cases also where groundwater is contaminated because of leaching. The non-organic wastes, on the other hand, pose a threat to both humans and the environment because these could contain substances that could be toxic. Since non-organic wastes do not decompose, the solutions that have been applied to these are recycling and reusing. As for the organic wastes, these are delivered to landfills where these are left to decompose through purely natural means or through the intervention of certain treatment that would hasten the process. Due to the fact that landfills are basically environmentally hazardous, there had been various studies carried for the purpose of determining safer designs that could be applied for their construction. However, there have been countless cases when leaks did occur resulting to the bacterial or viral contamination of the groundwater. Aside from this, landfills also contribute to air pollution and to the greenhouse effect because of its methane emissions. In the U.S. and in Europe, where the landfill is an integral part of solid waste management, areas that could be designated for such purpose are fast running out even as the demand for more numerous and bigger sites continue to increase. It is because of the â€Å"large numbers and the expanses of valuable real estate th ey occupy† that the landfills are problems that are becoming increasingly serious (Tammemagi 5). With all these issues attributed to landfills, there is clearly a need to determine alternative solid waste management methods. The introduction of such methods should lead to the reduction of the U.S.’s reliance on landfills and to shift instead to methods that are more viable and safer for both humans and t

Computer network Essay Example for Free

Computer network Essay Connects three office computers and one computer used for Point-of-Sale (POS) services at each of your stores. You also want six (6) computers in the lobby/store where patrons can download music and you can run â€Å"training classes† for people to learn about using MP3 players and get other basic information. The two offices have to be connected into one cohesive network, sharing POS services and other critical company information. You also need to provide a â€Å"hand out† casual area for people to stop in and discuss music and connect wirelessly to the Internet (you might even offer free coffee to entice people to come in to your store). ï‚ · Provides adequate security for all of the company communications and documents (especially sensitive sales documents). All POS services must be protected. All general network access should be segmented from the company POS services. Fast and have additional capacity as the company grows Provides for centralized printing Supports the eventual addition of other stores to the network Provides customers with a general information Website and a secure Website where clients can buy services, and products Provides for limited downtime (24 hour downtime maximum) Provides for centralized management and control of the computers in the two stores, so that you can maintain the network from off-site Provides for long-term cost effectiveness Provides a suite of software tools for the employees to effectively communicate and a POS solution for the stores The company does not have any equipment. Your plan should include a complete network and computer system that meets these requirements and future expansion plans. The two store locations will (eventually) be within a five-mile radius of each other. The locations are within a suburban area that has current technological infrastructures and related technology offerings. The stores will need a sales system and print services for invoices. Complete your proposal including costs for computing equipment, network infrastructure, network servers, printers, and related hardware, software, and accessories. Include as much detail as possible as well as  justification as to your selections. Diagram and explain your physical network and computer design as well as the logical network design (server installation, domain layout, etc.). As you are a small business, cost is a major factor and should be minimized. Connects three office computers and one computer used for Point-of-Sale (POS) services at each of your stores. You also want six (6) computers in the lobby/store where patrons can download music and you can run â€Å"training classes† for people to learn about using MP3 players and get other basic information. The two offices have to be connected into one cohesive network, sharing POS services and other critical company information. You also need to provide a â€Å"hand out† casual area for people to stop in and discuss music and connect wirelessly to the Internet (you might even offer free coffee to entice people to come in to your store). ï‚ · Provides adequate security for all of the company communications and documents (especially sensitive sales documents). All POS services must be protected. All general network access should be segmented from the company POS services. Fast and have additional capacity as the company grows Provides for centralized printing Supports the eventual addition of other stores to the network   Provides customers with a general information Website and a secure Website where clients can buy services, and products Provides for limited downtime (24 hour downtime maximum) Provides for centralized management and control of the computers in the two stores, so that you can maintain the network from off-site Provides for long-term cost effectiveness Provides a suite of software tools for the employees to effectively communicate and a POS solution for the stores The company does not have any equipment. Your plan should include a complete network and computer system that meets these requirements and future expansion plans. The two store locations will (eventually) be within a five-mile radius of each other. The locations are within a suburban area that has current technological infrastructures and related technology  offerings. The stores will need a sales system and print services for invoices. Complete your proposal including costs for computing equipment, network infrastructure, network servers, printers, and related hardware, software, and accessories. Include as much detail as possible as well as justification as to your selections. Diagram and explain your physical network and computer design as well as the logical network design (server installation, domain layout, etc.). As you are a small business, cost is a major factor and should be minimized. Connects three office computers and one computer used for Point-of-Sale (POS) services at each of your stores. You also want six (6) computers in the lobby/store where patrons can download music and you can run â€Å"training classes† for people to learn about using MP3 players and get other basic information. The two offices have to be connected into one cohesive network, sharing POS services and other critical company information. You also need to provide a â€Å"hand out† casual area for people to stop in and discuss music and connect wirelessly to the Internet (you might even offer free coffee to entice people to come in to your store). ï‚ · Provides adequate security for all of the company communications and documents (especially sensitive sales documents). All POS services must be protected. All general network access should be segmented from the company POS services. Fast and have additional capacity as the company grows Provides for centralized printing Supports the eventual addition of other stores to the network Provides customers with a general information Website and a secure Website where clients can buy services, and products Provides for limited downtime (24 hour downtime maximum) Provides for centralized management and control of the computers in the two stores, so that you can maintain the network from off-site Provides for long-term cost effectiveness Provides a suite of software tools for the employees to effectively communicate and a POS solution for the stores The company does not have any equipment. Your plan should include a complete  network and computer system that meets these requirements and future expansion plans. The two store locations will (eventually) be within a five-mile radius of each other. The locations are within a suburban area that has current technological infrastructures and related technology offerings. The stores will need a sales system and print services for invoices. Complete your proposal including costs for computing equipment, network infrastructure, network servers, printers, and related hardware, software, and accessories. Include as much detail as possible as well as justification as to your selections. Diagram and explain your physical network and computer design as well as the logical network design (server installation, domain layout, etc.). As you are a small business, cost is a major factor and should be minimized. Connects three office computers and one computer used for Point-of-Sale (POS) services at each of your stores. You also want six (6) computers in the lobby/store where patrons can download music and you can run â€Å"training classes† for people to learn about using MP3 players and get other basic information. The two offices have to be connected into one cohesive network, sharing POS services and other critical company information. You also need to provide a â€Å"hand out† casual area for people to stop in and discuss music and connect wirelessly to the Internet (you might even offer free coffee to entice people to come in to your store). ï‚ · Provides adequate security for all of the company communications and documents (especially sensitive sales documents). All POS services must be protected. All general network access should be segmented from the company POS services. Fast and have additional capacity as the company grows Provides for centralized printing Supports the eventual addition of other stores to the network Provides customers with a general information Website and a secure Website where clients can buy services, and products Provides for limited downtime (24 hour downtime maximum) Provides for centralized management and control of the computers in the two stores, so that you can maintain the network from off-site Provides for long-term cost effectiveness Provides a suite of software tools for the employees to effectively communicate and a POS solution for the stores The company does not have any equipment. Your plan should include a complete network and computer system that meets these requirements and future expansion plans. The two store locations will (eventually) be within a five-mile radius of each other. The locations are within a suburban area that has current technological infrastructures and related technology offerings. The stores will need a sales system and print services for invoices. Complete your proposal including costs for computing equipment, network infrastructure, network servers, printers, and related hardware, software, and accessories. Include as much detail as possible as well as justification as to your selections. Diagram and explain your physical network and computer design as well as the logical network design (server installation, domain layout, etc.). As you are a small business, cost is a major factor and should be minimized. Connects three office computers and one computer used for Point-of-Sale (POS) services at each of your stores. You also want six (6) computers in the lobby/store where patrons can download music and you can run â€Å"training classes† for people to learn about using MP3 players and get other basic information. The two offices have to be connected into one cohesive network, sharing POS services and other critical company information. You also need to provide a â€Å"hand out† casual area for people to stop in and discuss music and connect wirelessly to the Internet (you might even offer free coffee to entice people to come in to your store). ï‚ · Provides adequate security for all of the company communications and documents (especially sensitive sales documents). All POS services must be protected. All general network access should be segmented from the company POS services. Fast and have additional capacity as the company grows Provides for centralized printing Supports the eventual addition of other stores to the network Provides customers with a general information Website and a secure Website where clients can buy services, and products Provides for limited downtime (24 hour downtime maximum) Provides for  centralized management and control of the computers in the two stores, so that you can maintain the network from off-site Provides for long-term cost effectiveness Provides a suite of software tools for the employees to effectively communicate and a POS solution for the stores The company does not have any equipment. Your plan should include a complete network and computer system that meets these requirements and future expansion plans. The two store locations will (eventually) be within a five-mile radius of each other. The locations are within a suburban area that has current technological infrastructures and related technology offerings. The stores will need a sales system and print services for invoices. Complete your proposal including costs for computing equipment, network infrastructure, network servers, printers, and related hardware, software, and accessories. Include as much detail as possible as well as justification as to your selections. Diagram and explain your physical network and computer design as well as the logical network design (server installation, domain layout, etc.). As you are a small business, cost is a major factor and should be minimized. Connects three office computers and one computer used for Point-of-Sale (POS) services at each of your stores. You also want six (6) computers in the lobby/store where patrons can download music and you can run â€Å"training classes† for people to learn about using MP3 players and get other basic information. The two offices have to be connected into one cohesive network, sharing POS services and other critical company information. You also need to provide a â€Å"hand out† casual area for people to stop in and discuss music and connect wirelessly to the Internet (you might even offer free coffee to entice people to come in to your store). ï‚ · Provides adequate security for all of the company communications and documents (especially sensitive sales documents). All POS services must be protected. All general network access should be segmented from the company POS services. Fast and have additional capacity as the company grows Provides for centralized printing Supports the eventual addition of other stores to the network Provides customers with a general information Website and a secure Website where clients can buy services, and products Provides for limited downtime (24 hour downtime maximum) Provides for centralized management and control of the computers in the two stores, so that you can maintain the network from off-site Provides for long-term cost effectiveness Provides a suite of software tools for the employees to effectively communicate and a POS solution for the stores The company does not have any equipment. Your plan should include a complete network and computer system that meets these requirements and future expansion plans. The two store locations will (eventually) be within a five-mile radius of each other. The locations are within a suburban area that has current technological infrastructures and related technology offerings. The stores will need a sales system and print services for invoices. Complete your proposal including costs for computing equipment, network infrastructure, network servers, printers, and related hardware, software, and accessories. Include as much detail as possible as well as justification as to your selections. Diagram and explain your physical network and computer design as well as the logical network design (server installation, domain layout, etc.). As you are a small business, cost is a major factor and should be minimized. Connects three office computers and one computer used for Point-of-Sale (POS) services at each of your stores. You also want six (6) computers in the lobby/store where patrons can download music and you can run â€Å"training classes† for people to learn about using MP3 players and get other basic information. The two offices have to be connected into one cohesive network, sharing POS services and other critical company information. You also need to provide a â€Å"hand out† casual area for people to stop in and discuss music and connect wirelessly to the Internet (you might even offer free coffee to entice people to come in to your store). ï‚ · Provides adequate security for all of the company communications and documents (especially sensitive sales documents). All POS services must be protected. All general network access  should be segmented from the company POS services.   Fast and have additional capacity as the company grows Provides for centralized printing Supports the eventual addition of other stores to the network Provides customers with a general information Website and a secure Website where clients can buy services, and products Provides for limited downtime (24 hour downtime maximum) Provides for centralized management and control of the computers in the two stores, so that you can maintain the network from off-site Provides for long-term cost effectiveness Provides a suite of software tools for the employees to effectively communicate and a POS solution for the stores The company does not have any equipment. Your plan should include a complete network and computer system that meets these requirements and future expansion plans. The two store locations will (eventually) be within a five-mile radius of each other. The locations are within a suburban area that has current technological infrastructures and related technology offerings. The stores will need a sales system and print services for invoices. Complete your proposal including costs for computing equipment, network infrastructure, network servers, printers, and related hardware, software, and accessories. Include as much detail as possible as well as justification as to your selections. Diagram and explain your physical network and computer design as well as the logical network design (server installation, domain layout, etc.). As you are a small business, cost is a major factor and should be minimized.

The Revolution In Physics: Planck, Einstein, And Heisenberg Declare War

The Revolution In Physics: Planck, Einstein, And Heisenberg Declare War On Newton The following page focuses on the Revolution in Physics, specifically the scientific works of Max Planck, Albert Einstein, and Werner Heisenberg, all of which took place in the early twentieth century. In this page I will attempt to answer the following question, "How did the Revolution in Physics transform the way that humans viewed themselves and nature from 1715 to the present day?" To effectively answer this question I will cover three main points. I will start off by briefly describing the scientific beliefs that dominated European society in the years between 1715 and the Revolution in Physics. Next, I am going to explain the epoch making works of Max Planck, Albert Einstein, and Werner Heisenberg that were highly responsible for initiating this new era of scientific thinking. Lastly, I will focus in on how humans viewed themselves and nature differently after the Revolution in Physics. The ideas of classical physics, which started with Copernicus and ended with Newton’s laws on motion and gravity, were widely accepted by European society in the years leading up to the Revolution in Physics. The beliefs of classical physics rested on five cornerstones. The first cornerstone was the existence of absolute space and the second cornerstone was the existence of absolute time. "In the Newtonian system bits of matter moved in absolute space and time"(Baumer 460). Of these two cornerstones, space was considered to be more important because it was immutable and because every change in the motion of matter indisputably involved a change in space as well. In contrast, change did occur in time, but unlike space, time did not itsel... ...t that the Revolution had on society. I also feel that even though this page is limited in scope it does a great deal to answer the overall project question focusing on how humans perception of nature has changed from 1715 to the present day. This page does this by directly showing the effects that the Revolution in Physics had on society. Many of these effects can still be readily seen today. Some examples are the decline in society's overall belief in God and people's fear of science technology, which is apparent in issues such as human cloning and genetic engineering. Work Cited Baumer, Franklin L. Modern European Thought. New York: Macmillan, 1977. The American Institute Of Physics, AIP Emilo Segre Visual Archives, http:www.aip.org/history/esva/index.html Washburn, Phil. Philosophical Dilemmas: Building A World view. New York: Oxford UP, 1997.

Bad Credit Can Hurt Your Job Seekers

Monica Cotallat, Hudson Community College Professor Sakina Laksimi-Morrow English 102 March 17, 2013 BAD CREDIT CAN HURT JOB SEEKERS I am a student majoring in Graphic/Web Design. This is my 4th semester at Hudson Community College. A large number of employers use credit checks to make employee selections. A study made by the Society for Human Resource Management (SHRM) in 2010 reported that 47 percent of respondents only use credit background checks for job applicants in certain types of positions, for example, positions with fiduciary and financial responsibilities (SHRM, 2010).Thirteen percent of those surveyed conducted credit checks on all candidates while 40 percent in the SHRM study reported that they did not utilize credit checks on any job candidates (SHRM, 2010). Almost half of employers are running credit checks. What are they looking for? Is it an invasion of privacy? Is it fair? What can be done about? Are people with a blemished financial past scarred for life? The purp ose of my paper is to understand why this is happening, examine its reasons and what one can do to help themselves in a competitive work force.There is an array of tools employers use to examine and decide on job applicants and employee job promotions. Typically they will contact references, verify educational and/or professional history, request a criminal history report and in certain situations obtain an individual’s credit history. For some this can create a barrier in the search for employment. A study made by the Society for Human Resource Management (SHRM) in 2010 reported that 47 percent of respondents only use credit background checks for job applicants in certain types of positions, for example, positions with fiduciary and financial responsibilities (SHRM, 2010).Thirteen percent of those surveyed conducted credit checks on all candidates while 40 percent in the SHRM study reported that they did not utilize credit checks on any job candidates (SHRM, 2010). This show ing almost half of employers are using credit checks on job applicants which economic downturn has made it harder for some people to get a job due to bad credit. It’s a catch 22. You need a job to pay your debit down but because of your bad credit you can’t land a job. There is also the question of invasion of privacy.Many job applicants have concerns with employers asking questions or requesting an explanation on why they are behind on their bills. Whether tarnished credit is due to medical bills or a messy divorce is it really necessary to explain personal matters to an employer? Is this a violation of rights? From my readings it appears NOT to being a violation. Under the Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA), employers are allowed to obtain and use employee’s credit report. However there are guidelines for requesting this information.An employer must inform the applicant about checking into their background and the applicant must sign giving permission to the emp loyer to access the credit/background check. One has the right to refuse such a background check but most likely a spot for candidacy will go out the window. Employers use it as a measure of character. Poor credit history may cause a potential boss to question your dependability, decision making skills, constancy and follow through abilities. Also presumably this helps employers prevent theft or embezzlement for fear of lawsuits.However, there is no concrete evidence connecting people’s credit histories to their on the job performance or productivity. In 2010, Eric Rosenberg, director of state government relations for Trans Union, one of the country’s largest reporting companies told Oregon legislators â€Å"At this point we don’t have any research to show any statistical correlation between what’s in somebody’s credit report and their job performance or their likelihood to commit fraud. † Oregon since then is one of 7 states who had passed a bill prohibiting/limiting the use of credit histories in job screening with certain exceptions.Other states who share this law are: Washington, Connecticut, Hawaii, Illinois, California and Maryland. But some of the laws still need reinforcement and exemptions slimmed. For example Illinois allows employers to continue to do credit checks on managers and minor retails workers. Sixteen other states are considering legislation to limit employer use of credit checks: Georgia, Indiana, Louisiana, Michigan, Missouri, Minnesota, Missouri, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Vermont, Wisconsin and District of Columbia.While these states propose limiting the use of credit check none of the statutes imposes an out right ban. Besides the question of violation rights there is also the question of discrimination. The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission says, â€Å"Employer credit checks are legal, but can be discriminatory if they disproportionately exclude minorities, women or people older than 40 and are not essential to a hiring decision. A 2007 report conducted by the Federal Reserve Board found out that African-American and Hispanics had considerably lower credit scores than non-Hispanics whites. The last 10 years attractive lending schemes zeroed in on communities of color who lacked in wealth and assets. During the housing boom, minority borrowers were lured into subprime (high interest) loans when in reality they qualified for prime loans. In result after the crash, African Americans, Latinos and Asian-Americans lost half of their family wealth. Employment credit checks are hitting these families hard.This is why organizations like the Lawyers Committee for Civil Rights, National Council of La Raza and the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) have publicly opposed the use of employment credit checks. Another factor is age discrimination. Perhaps an elderly person carries poor credit due to medical bills. As I mentioned earlier, it can be an invasion of privacy by feeling obligated to explain reasons for unpaid bills but to explain bills due to health issues can make the job seeker uncomfortable discussing personal medical histories.This brings fear of losing a job opportunity to a younger, healthier credit worthy applicant. Contrary to Americas strong belief in a right to privacy of their medical histories and an amended act in 2003 to the Fair Credit Reporting Act that requires medical debt to be masked on credit reports and the Americans with Disability Act, which prohibits employers from inquiring about medical history prior to making a job offer. Courts have recognized the discriminatory impact of employment credit screening.The Department of Labor won a verdict against Bank of America stemming in part from the bank’s use of credit checks to hire entry-level employees, which had a discriminatory impact on African-Americans. The country’s challenges with con stant layoffs and mortgage foreclosures leave many Americans struggling with maintaining healthy credit. As of April 2010, one-quarter of U. S. consumers, nearly 43. 4 million people, had poor credit. These people should not be omitted from the chance of recovery. Laws need to be tightened and screening should only be applied depending on the nature of the job.Even if hired with a less than desirable or acceptable credit post-employment credit checks can be used to facilitate promotions and transfers. If one has signed the credit consent document when started employment, the employer does not need your signature again. As per the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), if an employer denies you employment or promotion due to credit they must give you a copy of the report used to determine your worthiness and a document called A Summary of Your Rights Under the Fair Credit Reporting Act before taking adverse action.Of course for companies to be forth coming is different story. They can easil y say they opted for a different more qualified candidate. Nevertheless, I have listed below steps and tips to help with the job application and interview process. Until those states without credit screening laws pass a bill to protect job seekers we must learn to deal with the issue and voice our rights. †¢ Request your report from the three reporting agencies: Experian, TransUnion and Equifax. You may request a free annual credit report by visiting www. nnualcreditreport. com or you may call 1-877-322-8228. Review your credit report to ensure its error free. Dispute any errors if found. It takes seven years to remove negative credit off your report but to improve a credit score the sooner you start improvement immediately shows. This is a good way to sell your self to employers as you can promote yourself as one who is aware of mistake and imperfection but you have taken steps to rectify and reestablish yourself. †¢ Do not be afraid to confess immediately.Not as quickly as stating it in your cover letter but when meeting face to face. This may eliminate you from consideration but in early process the company is still looking for reasons to eliminate candidates. Better to be forthcoming in the front to avoid 5 interviews down the road and having to hit that credit history bump. †¢ If you avoid mentioning early regarding your credit usually one knows the final stages of the interviewing process. At this point inform them about your credit. Most people do not like surprises especially companies ready to make an offer.This will add value and removes the surprise. †¢ Also how you address it influences how the information will be received. The bigger the deal you make of it, the more attention they’ll give it. Share the information with a smile and positive outlook off-handedly. You are communicating that it’s no big deal. May use this approach for example â€Å"I wanted to let you know that during my time unemployed I was juggli ng my bills and ruined my credit. Since you will be running a credit check I wanted to alert you. Will my temporary bad credit be an issue? In short words you have given them the â€Å"why† which would have put them on edge and eased them with the problem being â€Å"temporary†. In my opinion if credit screenings for employment is a must then only allow looking partial history. Perhaps just for the last 12 months. Companies should only be allowed to view history once at the hiring point and not during the life of the employed at the company. If a position is rejected to a candidate for credit reasons the company must be required to confess this to the unemployed.This gives the job seeker awareness to the issue. Fraud happens often in many institutions. Just because one hold bad credit does not make them a poor employee. In turn they maybe a superior employee as they need and value their job which helps pay their debit. Chris Ball, operations manager for the Jackson, Mi ss. , branch of Express Employment Professionals said â€Å"he understands that hiring managers who use credit scores are trying to protect their companies from people who might be desperate and turn to embezzlement or theft to cover their bills. But he also says he’s not sure that using credit reports is all that useful: â€Å"In this day and age, it’s hard to find anyone with perfect credit† I completely agree with the above statement. We have done just fine with regular criminal background checks. I do not find the need to also use credit screening with the exception of finical institutions. I ask the question â€Å"Did Bernie Madoff have bad credit? Surely not but was he not responsible for the largest financial fraud in U. S. history? Did someone run a credit background check on him? † I am sure NASDAQ did but did this prevent embezzlement?

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